The operator learning has received significant attention in recent years, with the aim of learning a mapping between function spaces. Prior works have proposed deep neural networks (DNNs) for learning such a mapping, enabling the learning of solution operators of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, these works still struggle to learn dynamics that obeys the laws of physics. This paper proposes Energy-consistent Neural Operators (ENOs), a general framework for learning solution operators of PDEs that follows the energy conservation or dissipation law from observed solution trajectories. We introduce a novel penalty function inspired by the energy-based theory of physics for training, in which the energy functional is modeled by another DNN, allowing one to bias the outputs of the DNN-based solution operators to ensure energetic consistency without explicit PDEs. Experiments on multiple physical systems show that ENO outperforms existing DNN models in predicting solutions from data, especially in super-resolution settings.

该论文提出了能量一致性神经算子（ENO），这是一种学习偏微分方程的解算子的通用框架，其遵循观测到的解轨迹满足能量守恒或耗散定律。该框架使用受物理能量理论启发的新型惩罚函数进行训练，能够通过另一个深度神经网络对能量泛函进行建模，确保基于深度神经网络的解算子的输出具有能量一致性，无需显式的偏微分方程。在多个物理系统上的实验证明，ENO在从数据中预测解方面优于现有的深度神经网络模型，特别是在超分辨率设置中。

神经算子与能量理论结合：哈密顿和耗散偏微分方程的算子学习