Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) and their variants have been very popular in recent years as algorithms for the numerical simulation of both forward and inverse problems for partial differential equations. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of currently available results on the numerical analysis of PINNs and related models that constitute the backbone of physics-informed machine learning. We provide a unified framework in which analysis of the various components of the error incurred by PINNs in approximating PDEs can be effectively carried out. A detailed review of available results on approximation, generalization and training errors and their behavior with respect to the type of the PDE and the dimension of the underlying domain is presented. In particular, the role of the regularity of the solutions and their stability to perturbations in the error analysis is elucidated. Numerical results are also presented to illustrate the theory. We identify training errors as a key bottleneck which can adversely affect the overall performance of various models in physics-informed machine learning.

对物理启发机器学习中的物理信息神经网络和相关模型的数值分析结果进行综合评述，并重点阐述了在近似偏微分方程时PINN所产生的误差在各个组成部分的行为，以及与PDE类型和基础域维度相关的逼近、概括和训练误差的可用结果。同时阐明了解的稳定性和解的规则性对误差分析的作用，最后通过数值结果来说明训练误差对物理启发机器学习中各种模型整体性能的不利影响。

基于物理信息的神经网络及其在物理信息机器学习中的相关模型的数值分析