Learning meaningful word embeddings is key to training a robust language model. The recent rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has provided us with many new word/sentence/document embedding models. Although LLMs have shown remarkable advancement in various NLP tasks, it is still unclear whether the performance improvement is merely because of scale or whether underlying embeddings they produce significantly differ from classical encoding models like Sentence-BERT (SBERT) or Universal Sentence Encoder (USE). This paper systematically investigates this issue by comparing classical word embedding techniques against LLM-based word embeddings in terms of their latent vector semantics. Our results show that LLMs tend to cluster semantically related words more tightly than classical models. LLMs also yield higher average accuracy on the Bigger Analogy Test Set (BATS) over classical methods. Finally, some LLMs tend to produce word embeddings similar to SBERT, a relatively lighter classical model.

通过比较经典词嵌入技术与大型语言模型的词嵌入之间的潜在向量语义，系统地调查了大型语言模型是否在表现上与经典编码模型存在显著差异。结果显示，大型语言模型往往比经典模型更紧密地聚集语义相关的词，并在Bigger Analogy Test Set (BATS)上取得更高的平均准确率。此外，一些大型语言模型的词嵌入与相对较轻的句子级BERT (SBERT)模型相似。

词嵌入再探讨：LLMs是否提供新的东西？