Graph learning plays a pivotal role and has gained significant attention in various application scenarios, from social network analysis to recommendation systems, for its effectiveness in modeling complex data relations represented by graph structural data. In reality, the real-world graph data typically show dynamics over time, with changing node attributes and edge structure, leading to the severe graph data distribution shift issue. This issue is compounded by the diverse and complex nature of distribution shifts, which can significantly impact the performance of graph learning methods in degraded generalization and adaptation capabilities, posing a substantial challenge to their effectiveness. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive review and summary of the latest approaches, strategies, and insights that address distribution shifts within the context of graph learning. Concretely, according to the observability of distributions in the inference stage and the availability of sufficient supervision information in the training stage, we categorize existing graph learning methods into several essential scenarios, including graph domain adaptation learning, graph out-of-distribution learning, and graph continual learning. For each scenario, a detailed taxonomy is proposed, with specific descriptions and discussions of existing progress made in distribution-shifted graph learning. Additionally, we discuss the potential applications and future directions for graph learning under distribution shifts with a systematic analysis of the current state in this field. The survey is positioned to provide general guidance for the development of effective graph learning algorithms in handling graph distribution shifts, and to stimulate future research and advancements in this area.

综述研究了图学习中的分布转变问题及解决方法，将现有的图学习方法分为图领域适应学习、图越域学习和图持续学习三种关键场景，详细讨论了这些场景下的现有进展，并对该领域进行了潜在应用和未来研究方向的分析。

图学习在分布偏移下的研究：领域自适应、离域和连续学习的综合调查