Machine learning models are widely used in real-world applications. However, their complexity makes it often challenging to interpret the rationale behind their decisions. Counterfactual explanations (CEs) have emerged as a viable solution for generating comprehensible explanations in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). CE provides actionable information to users on how to achieve the desired outcome with minimal modifications to the input. However, current CE algorithms usually operate within the entire feature space when optimizing changes to turn over an undesired outcome, overlooking the identification of key contributors to the outcome and disregarding the practicality of the suggested changes. In this study, we introduce a novel methodology, that is named as user feedback-based counterfactual explanation (UFCE), which addresses these limitations and aims to bolster confidence in the provided explanations. UFCE allows for the inclusion of user constraints to determine the smallest modifications in the subset of actionable features while considering feature dependence, and evaluates the practicality of suggested changes using benchmark evaluation metrics. We conducted three experiments with five datasets, demonstrating that UFCE outperforms two well-known CE methods in terms of \textit{proximity}, \textit{sparsity}, and \textit{feasibility}. Reported results indicate that user constraints influence the generation of feasible CEs.

本研究引入了一种新的方法论，名为用户反馈式反事实解释（UFCE），以解决当前反事实解释算法的局限性，并旨在提高对提供的解释的置信度。实验证明，UFCE在接近度、稀疏度和可行性方面胜过两种著名的CE方法，并指出用户约束对生成可行的反事实解释具有影响。

基于用户反馈的反事实解释介绍 (UFCE)