Conventional Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) strives to minimize distribution discrepancy between domains, which neglects to harness rich semantics from data and struggles to handle complex domain shifts. A promising technique is to leverage the knowledge of large-scale pre-trained vision-language models for more guided adaptation. Despite some endeavors, current methods often learn textual prompts to embed domain semantics for source and target domains separately and perform classification within each domain, limiting cross-domain knowledge transfer. Moreover, prompting only the language branch lacks flexibility to adapt both modalities dynamically. To bridge this gap, we propose Domain-Agnostic Mutual Prompting (DAMP) to exploit domain-invariant semantics by mutually aligning visual and textual embeddings. Specifically, the image contextual information is utilized to prompt the language branch in a domain-agnostic and instance-conditioned way. Meanwhile, visual prompts are imposed based on the domain-agnostic textual prompt to elicit domain-invariant visual embeddings. These two branches of prompts are learned mutually with a cross-attention module and regularized with a semantic-consistency loss and an instance-discrimination contrastive loss. Experiments on three UDA benchmarks demonstrate the superiority of DAMP over state-of-the-art approaches.

利用大规模预训练视觉-语言模型的知识进行领域不可知的相互提示，通过互相对齐视觉和文本嵌入来利用领域不变的语义，并通过语义一致性损失和实例差异对齐损失进行规则化，实验证明 Domain-Agnostic Mutual Prompting（DAMP）相较于现有方法在三个无监督领域自适应基准上具有优势。

领域无关的互助自适应方法用于无监督领域适应