This paper investigates the empathetic responding capabilities of ChatGPT, particularly its latest iteration, GPT-4, in comparison to human-generated responses to a wide range of emotional scenarios, both positive and negative. We employ a rigorous evaluation methodology, involving a between-groups study with 600 participants, to evaluate the level of empathy in responses generated by humans and ChatGPT. ChatGPT is prompted in two distinct ways: a standard approach and one explicitly detailing empathy's cognitive, affective, and compassionate counterparts. Our findings indicate that the average empathy rating of responses generated by ChatGPT exceeds those crafted by humans by approximately 10%. Additionally, instructing ChatGPT to incorporate a clear understanding of empathy in its responses makes the responses align approximately 5 times more closely with the expectations of individuals possessing a high degree of empathy, compared to human responses. The proposed evaluation framework serves as a scalable and adaptable framework to assess the empathetic capabilities of newer and updated versions of large language models, eliminating the need to replicate the current study's results in future research.

研究论文通过对ChatGPT及其最新版本GPT-4与人类生成的情感场景回应能力进行比较，探究了ChatGPT在回应不同情绪场景（正面和负面）时的共情水平。研究采用一项涉及600名参与者的组间研究来评估ChatGPT和人类生成的回应的共情程度。研究发现，ChatGPT所生成的回应的平均共情评分比人类生成的回应高出约10％。此外，明确要求ChatGPT在回应中融入对共情认知、情感和同情的明确理解，使其回应与具有较高共情度的个体的期望更为接近，相比之下，人类回应的一致性要小5倍。该研究提出的评估框架可用于评估较大的语言模型的共情能力，并且具有可扩展性和适应性，避免了未来研究中重复当前研究结果的需要。

ChatGPT 是否比人类更具同理心?