Causal inference has shown potential in enhancing the predictive accuracy, fairness, robustness, and explainability of Natural Language Processing (NLP) models by capturing causal relationships among variables. The emergence of generative Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly impacted various NLP domains, particularly through their advanced reasoning capabilities. This survey focuses on evaluating and improving LLMs from a causal view in the following areas: understanding and improving the LLMs' reasoning capacity, addressing fairness and safety issues in LLMs, complementing LLMs with explanations, and handling multimodality. Meanwhile, LLMs' strong reasoning capacities can in turn contribute to the field of causal inference by aiding causal relationship discovery and causal effect estimations. This review explores the interplay between causal inference frameworks and LLMs from both perspectives, emphasizing their collective potential to further the development of more advanced and equitable artificial intelligence systems.

因果推断在捕捉变量之间的因果关系方面显示出在增强自然语言处理模型的预测准确性、公平性、鲁棒性和解释性方面的潜力。生成大型语言模型在通过其先进的推理能力显著影响各种自然语言处理领域的同时，这篇综述从因果的角度对生成大型语言模型进行评估和改进，从而理解和提高生成大型语言模型的推理能力，解决公平性和安全性问题，提供解释支持，并处理多模态数据。与此同时，生成大型语言模型强大的推理能力可以推动因果推断领域的发展，帮助发现因果关系和因果效应估计。本综述旨在探索因果推断框架和生成大型语言模型之间的相互作用，强调它们共同潜力以进一步开发更高级、更公平的人工智能系统。

大型语言模型与协作中的因果推断：综合调查