The standard approach to tackling computer vision problems is to train deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models using large-scale image datasets which are representative of the target task. However, in many scenarios, it is often challenging to obtain sufficient image data for the target task. Data augmentation is a way to mitigate this challenge. A common practice is to explicitly transform existing images in desired ways so as to create the required volume and variability of training data necessary to achieve good generalization performance. In situations where data for the target domain is not accessible, a viable workaround is to synthesize training data from scratch--i.e., synthetic data augmentation. This paper presents an extensive review of synthetic data augmentation techniques. It covers data synthesis approaches based on realistic 3D graphics modeling, neural style transfer (NST), differential neural rendering, and generative artificial intelligence (AI) techniques such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and variational autoencoders (VAEs). For each of these classes of methods, we focus on the important data generation and augmentation techniques, general scope of application and specific use-cases, as well as existing limitations and possible workarounds. Additionally, we provide a summary of common synthetic datasets for training computer vision models, highlighting the main features, application domains and supported tasks. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of synthetic data augmentation methods. Since this is the first paper to explore synthetic data augmentation methods in great detail, we are hoping to equip readers with the necessary background information and in-depth knowledge of existing methods and their attendant issues.

这篇论文对合成数据增强技术进行了广泛评估，包括基于真实3D图形建模、神经风格迁移、差分神经渲染、生成对抗网络和变分自编码器等生成人工智能技术。对于每一种方法类别，我们关注重要的数据生成和增强技术、广泛的应用范围和具体的用例，以及现有限制和可能的解决方法。此外，我们总结了用于训练计算机视觉模型的常见合成数据集，强调主要特点、应用领域和支持的任务。最后，我们讨论了合成数据增强方法的有效性，并希望通过这篇详细的论文为读者提供必要的背景信息和深入了解现有方法及相关问题。

计算机视觉中合成数据增强方法的调查