Large language models (LLMs) use pretraining to predict the subsequent word; however, their expansion requires significant computing resources. Numerous big tech companies and research institutes have developed multilingual LLMs (MLLMs) to meet current demands, overlooking less-resourced languages (LRLs). This study proposed three strategies to enhance the performance of LRLs based on the publicly available MLLMs. First, the MLLM vocabularies of LRLs were expanded to enhance expressiveness. Second, bilingual data were used for pretraining to align the high- and less-resourced languages. Third, a high-quality small-scale instruction dataset was constructed and instruction-tuning was performed to augment the LRL. The experiments employed the Llama2 model and Korean was used as the LRL, which was quantitatively evaluated against other developed LLMs across eight tasks. Furthermore, a qualitative assessment was performed based on human evaluation and GPT4. Experimental results showed that our proposed Bllossom model exhibited superior performance in qualitative analyses compared to previously proposed Korean monolingual models.

本研究提出了三种策略以增强不太具备资源的语言在大型语言模型中的表现：扩展词汇表、使用双语数据进行预训练以对齐高资源语言和低资源语言、构建高质量的小规模指令数据集并进行指令微调。通过对比八个任务的其他大型语言模型，在质量分析中，我们的提出的Bllossom模型表现出优异的性能。

优化多语言大型语言模型的语言增强：以韩文为例的案例研究