Causality has become a fundamental approach for explaining the relationships between events, phenomena, and outcomes in various fields of study. It has invaded various fields and applications, such as medicine, healthcare, economics, finance, fraud detection, cybersecurity, education, public policy, recommender systems, anomaly detection, robotics, control, sociology, marketing, and advertising. In this paper, we survey its development over the past five decades, shedding light on the differences between causality and other approaches, as well as the preconditions for using it. Furthermore, the paper illustrates how causality interacts with new approaches such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Generative AI (GAI), Machine and Deep Learning, Reinforcement Learning (RL), and Fuzzy Logic. We study the impact of causality on various fields, its contribution, and its interaction with state-of-the-art approaches. Additionally, the paper exemplifies the trustworthiness and explainability of causality models. We offer several ways to evaluate causality models and discuss future directions.

因果关系是各个领域研究事件、现象和结果之间关系的基本方法之一，本文调查了因果关系在过去五十年的发展，揭示了它与其他方法的差异以及使用它的前提条件，同时阐明了因果关系与人工智能、生成式人工智能、机器学习、深度学习、强化学习和模糊逻辑等新方法的相互作用及其对各个领域的影响和贡献，以及其模型的可信度和可解释性，并提出了几种评估因果关系模型的方法，并讨论了未来的发展方向。

从下而上的因果关系：一项综述