Large language models (LLMs) have received much attention and shown their potential in digital health, while their application in mental health is subject to ongoing debate. This systematic review aims to summarize and characterize the use of LLMs in mental health by investigating the strengths and limitations of the latest work in LLMs and discusses the challenges and opportunities for early screening, digital interventions, and other clinical applications in mental health. Following PRISMA guidelines, we examined English articles from PubMed, DBLP Computer Science Bibliography, and IEEE Xplore, published between 1 January 2017, and 1 September 2023, focusing on mental health and LLMs. The review analyzed 32 articles, including mental health analysis using social media datasets (n=13), mental health chatbots (n=10), and other mental health applications (n=9). Findings reveal LLMs' effectiveness in mental health issue detection and the enhancement of telepsychological services through personalised healthcare. Nonetheless, risks like text inconsistencies, hallucinatory content, and the lack of an ethical framework raise concerns about their clinical use. Despite these challenges, the advancement of LLMs underscores their potential as innovative clinical tools, necessitating further research and development. The review emphasizes that LLMs should complement, not replace, professional mental health services.

总结和概括了大型语言模型（LLMs）在心理健康领域的应用，包括早期筛查、数字干预和其他临床应用领域的强项、限制、挑战和机遇，并指出了LLMs在心理健康问题检测和个性化医疗方面的有效性，同时也提出了关于文本一致性、幻觉内容和缺乏伦理框架的风险以及LLMs作为创新临床工具的进一步研究和发展的必要性，强调LLMs应该是专业心理健康服务的补充而非替代。

大型语言模型用于心理健康研究的系统综述