Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable versatility in various NLP tasks but encounter distinct challenges in biomedicine due to medical language complexities and data scarcity. This paper investigates the application of LLMs in the medical domain by exploring strategies to enhance their performance for the Named-Entity Recognition (NER) task. Specifically, our study reveals the importance of meticulously designed prompts in biomedicine. Strategic selection of in-context examples yields a notable improvement, showcasing ~15-20\% increase in F1 score across all benchmark datasets for few-shot clinical NER. Additionally, our findings suggest that integrating external resources through prompting strategies can bridge the gap between general-purpose LLM proficiency and the specialized demands of medical NER. Leveraging a medical knowledge base, our proposed method inspired by Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can boost the F1 score of LLMs for zero-shot clinical NER. We will release the code upon publication.

该研究探讨了大型语言模型在医学领域中的应用，通过策略性地选择和设计提示语，增强模型在命名实体识别任务中的性能，并结合外部资源通过提示策略填补医学命名实体识别领域中的专业需求与通用语言模型之间的差距，最终提出的方法能够提高大型语言模型在医学命名实体识别任务中的 F1 分数。

生物医学中的LLMs：临床命名实体识别研究