Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted extensive attention due to their remarkable performance across various tasks. However, the substantial computational and memory requirements of LLM inference pose challenges for deployment in resource-constrained scenarios. Efforts within the field have been directed towards developing techniques aimed at enhancing the efficiency of LLM inference. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the existing literature on efficient LLM inference. We start by analyzing the primary causes of the inefficient LLM inference, i.e., the large model size, the quadratic-complexity attention operation, and the auto-regressive decoding approach. Then, we introduce a comprehensive taxonomy that organizes the current literature into data-level, model-level, and system-level optimization. Moreover, the paper includes comparative experiments on representative methods within critical sub-fields to provide quantitative insights. Last but not least, we provide some knowledge summary and discuss future research directions.

大规模语言模型的有效推理需要克服模型规模大、注意力操作复杂度高、自回归解码等问题，本文对提高大规模语言模型推理效率的现有技术文献进行了综述，介绍了数据层、模型层和系统层优化的方法，并通过实验进行了定量分析，最后总结了相关知识，并探讨了未来研究方向。

大语言模型的高效推论综述