The widespread application of Electronic Health Records (EHR) data in the medical field has led to early successes in disease risk prediction using deep learning methods. These methods typically require extensive data for training due to their large parameter sets. However, existing works do not exploit the full potential of EHR data. A significant challenge arises from the infrequent occurrence of many medical codes within EHR data, limiting their clinical applicability. Current research often lacks in critical areas: 1) incorporating disease domain knowledge; 2) heterogeneously learning disease representations with rich meanings; 3) capturing the temporal dynamics of disease progression. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a novel heterogeneous graph learning model designed to assimilate disease domain knowledge and elucidate the intricate relationships between drugs and diseases. This model innovatively incorporates temporal data into visit-level embeddings and leverages a time-aware transformer alongside an adaptive attention mechanism to produce patient representations. When evaluated on two healthcare datasets, our approach demonstrated notable enhancements in both prediction accuracy and interpretability over existing methodologies, signifying a substantial advancement towards personalized and proactive healthcare management.

通过利用电子健康记录(EHR)数据在医学领域的广泛应用，使用深度学习方法在疾病风险预测方面取得了早期成功。然而，现有研究对EHR数据的潜力未能充分利用，存在着许多关键问题，如融入疾病领域知识、异构学习疾病表示以及捕捉疾病进展的时间动态等。为了克服这些限制，本研究引入了一种新型的异构图学习模型，旨在融合疾病领域知识，阐明药物和疾病之间错综复杂的关系。该模型创新性地将时间数据融入到访问级嵌入中，并利用一个考虑时间的Transformer和自适应注意机制来生成患者表示。经过两个医疗数据集的评估，我们的方法在预测准确性和可解释性方面表现出显著提升，为个性化和主动式的医疗管理迈出了实质性的进展。

基于时间感知的异构图变换器与自适应注意力合并的健康事件预测