This paper explores the changes that pervasive AI is having on the nature of combat. We look beyond the substitution of AI for experts to an approach where complementary human and machine abilities are blended. Using historical and modern examples, we show how autonomous weapons systems can be effectively managed by teams of human "AI Operators" combined with AI/ML "Proxy Operators." By basing our approach on the principles of complementation, we provide for a flexible and dynamic approach to managing lethal autonomous systems. We conclude by presenting a path to achieving an integrated vision of machine-speed combat where the battlefield AI is operated by AI Operators that watch for patterns of behavior within battlefield to assess the performance of lethal autonomous systems. This approach enables the development of combat systems that are likely to be more ethical, operate at machine speed, and are capable of responding to a broader range of dynamic battlefield conditions than any purely autonomous AI system could support.

该论文探讨了普遍人工智能对战斗性质的变化。在超越将人工智能替代专家的方式之外，我们提出了一种将人类和机器的能力相互结合的方法。通过历史和现代的例子，我们展示了如何通过人类“AI操作员”与AI/ML“代理操作员”的团队来有效管理自主武器系统。通过将我们的解决方案基于补充原则，我们为管理致命自主系统提供了一种灵活和动态的方法。最后，我们提出了实现机器化作战整体愿景的路径，即由AI操作员操作战场AI以观察战场的行为模式以评估致命自主系统的性能。这种方法使得开发出的战斗系统可能更加道德化、运行速度更快，并能够应对更广泛的动态战场条件，超越任何纯粹自主人工智能系统能够支持的范围。

战争大象：重新思考战斗人工智能与人类监管