Exploring complex adaptive financial trading environments through multi-agent based simulation methods presents an innovative approach within the realm of quantitative finance. Despite the dominance of multi-agent reinforcement learning approaches in financial markets with observable data, there exists a set of systematically significant financial markets that pose challenges due to their partial or obscured data availability. We, therefore, devise a multi-agent simulation approach employing small-scale meta-heuristic methods. This approach aims to represent the opaque bilateral market for Australian government bond trading, capturing the bilateral nature of bank-to-bank trading, also referred to as "over-the-counter" (OTC) trading, and commonly occurring between "market makers". The uniqueness of the bilateral market, characterized by negotiated transactions and a limited number of agents, yields valuable insights for agent-based modelling and quantitative finance. The inherent rigidity of this market structure, which is at odds with the global proliferation of multilateral platforms and the decentralization of finance, underscores the unique insights offered by our agent-based model. We explore the implications of market rigidity on market structure and consider the element of stability, in market design. This extends the ongoing discourse on complex financial trading environments, providing an enhanced understanding of their dynamics and implications.

通过多智能体模拟方法探索复杂适应性金融交易环境是量化金融领域中创新的方法。我们设计了一种基于小规模元启发式方法的多智能体模拟方法，旨在代表澳大利亚政府债券交易的不透明双边市场，捕捉银行之间的双边交易特性，也称为“场外交易”，通常发生在“做市商”之间。我们探讨市场刚性对市场结构的影响，并考虑市场设计中的稳定性因素，这扩展了对复杂金融交易环境的讨论，提供了对其动态和影响的更深入的理解。

金融交易中不透明的双边市场动态建模：来自多代理仿真研究的洞见