Medical image interpretation using deep learning has shown promise but often requires extensive expert-annotated datasets. To reduce this annotation burden, we develop an Image-Graph Contrastive Learning framework that pairs chest X-rays with structured report knowledge graphs automatically extracted from radiology notes. Our approach uniquely encodes the disconnected graph components via a relational graph convolution network and transformer attention. In experiments on the CheXpert dataset, this novel graph encoding strategy enabled the framework to outperform existing methods that use image-text contrastive learning in 1% linear evaluation and few-shot settings, while achieving comparable performance to radiologists. By exploiting unlabeled paired images and text, our framework demonstrates the potential of structured clinical insights to enhance contrastive learning for medical images. This work points toward reducing demands on medical experts for annotations, improving diagnostic precision, and advancing patient care through robust medical image understanding.

通过医疗图片的图像-图对比学习框架，利用从放射学记录中自动提取的结构化报告知识图形，独特地编码了断开的图形组件，通过关系图卷积网络和transformer注意力机制，在对CheXpert数据集进行实验时，在1%线性评估和少样本情况下表现优于已有的图像-文字对比学习方法，并达到与放射科医生相当的性能；通过利用无标签的配对图像和文本，我们的框架展示了利用结构化的临床见解来增强医学图像的对比学习的潜力，这项工作为减少医疗专家的注释需求、提高诊断精度和推进健康病人护理提供了基础。

通过图像图对比预训练学习泛化的医学图像表示