Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is a pivotal research domain aimed at understanding the operational mechanisms of AI systems, particularly those considered ``black boxes'' due to their complex, opaque nature. XAI seeks to make these AI systems more understandable and trustworthy, providing insight into their decision-making processes. By producing clear and comprehensible explanations, XAI enables users, practitioners, and stakeholders to trust a model's decisions. This work analyses the value of data morphology strategies in generating counterfactual explanations. It introduces the Overlap Number of Balls Model-Agnostic CounterFactuals (ONB-MACF) method, a model-agnostic counterfactual generator that leverages data morphology to estimate a model's decision boundaries. The ONB-MACF method constructs hyperspheres in the data space whose covered points share a class, mapping the decision boundary. Counterfactuals are then generated by incrementally adjusting an instance's attributes towards the nearest alternate-class hypersphere, crossing the decision boundary with minimal modifications. By design, the ONB-MACF method generates feasible and sparse counterfactuals that follow the data distribution. Our comprehensive benchmark from a double perspective (quantitative and qualitative) shows that the ONB-MACF method outperforms existing state-of-the-art counterfactual generation methods across multiple quality metrics on diverse tabular datasets. This supports our hypothesis, showcasing the potential of data-morphology-based explainability strategies for trustworthy AI.

通过分析数据形态策略在生成反事实解释中的价值，本研究引入了基于数据形态的可解释性策略——ONB-MACF方法，并在多样化表格数据集上的多个质量指标中证明其优于现有最先进的反事实生成方法，支持了数据形态策略在构建可信人工智能方面的潜力。

Overlap Number of Balls Model-Agnostic CounterFactuals (ONB-MACF): A
  Data-Morphology-based Counterfactual Generation Method for Trustworthy
  Artificial Intelligence

球重叠数量模型不可知反事实(ONB-MACF)：基于数据形态学的诚信人工智能反事实生成方法