A fundamental problem in machine learning is understanding the effect of early stopping on the parameters obtained and the generalization capabilities of the model. Even for linear models, the effect is not fully understood for arbitrary learning rates and data. In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of discrete full batch gradient descent for linear regression. With minimal assumptions, we characterize the trajectory of the parameters and the expected excess risk. Using this characterization, we show that when training with a learning rate schedule $\eta_k$, and a finite time horizon $T$, the early stopped solution $\beta_T$ is equivalent to the minimum norm solution for a generalized ridge regularized problem. We also prove that early stopping is beneficial for generic data with arbitrary spectrum and for a wide variety of learning rate schedules. We provide an estimate for the optimal stopping time and empirically demonstrate the accuracy of our estimate.

线性回归问题中，我们分析了离散全批量梯度下降的参数轨迹和期望过度风险，证明了使用学习率调度和有限时间内的早停解与广义岭正则化问题的最小范数解等价，并表明早停对于具有任意频谱和多种学习率调度的一般数据都是有益的。我们给出了最佳停止时间的估计并通过实验证明了估计的准确性。

关于最小二乘回归的早停规则