In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated an impressive ability to encode knowledge during pre-training on large text corpora. They can leverage this knowledge for downstream tasks like question answering (QA), even in complex areas involving health topics. Considering their high potential for facilitating clinical work in the future, understanding the quality of encoded medical knowledge and its recall in LLMs is an important step forward. In this study, we examine the capability of LLMs to exhibit medical knowledge recall by constructing a novel dataset derived from systematic reviews -- studies synthesizing evidence-based answers for specific medical questions. Through experiments on the new MedREQAL dataset, comprising question-answer pairs extracted from rigorous systematic reviews, we assess six LLMs, such as GPT and Mixtral, analyzing their classification and generation performance. Our experimental insights into LLM performance on the novel biomedical QA dataset reveal the still challenging nature of this task.

近年来，大型语言模型（LLMs）在大文本语料库的预训练过程中展示了令人印象深刻的知识编码能力。本研究通过构建一个新的基于系统评述的数据集，评估了六种LLMs（如GPT和Mixtral）在医学知识回忆方面的能力，并揭示了此任务的复杂性。

MedREQAL: 通过问答方式检验大型语言模型对医学知识的记忆能力