Maintaining road pavement integrity is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient transportation. Conventional methods for assessing pavement condition are often laborious and susceptible to human error. This paper proposes YOLO9tr, a novel lightweight object detection model for pavement damage detection, leveraging the advancements of deep learning. YOLO9tr is based on the YOLOv9 architecture, incorporating a partial attention block that enhances feature extraction and attention mechanisms, leading to improved detection performance in complex scenarios. The model is trained on a comprehensive dataset comprising road damage images from multiple countries, including an expanded set of damage categories beyond the standard four. This broadened classification range allows for a more accurate and realistic assessment of pavement conditions. Comparative analysis demonstrates YOLO9tr's superior precision and inference speed compared to state-of-the-art models like YOLO8, YOLO9 and YOLO10, achieving a balance between computational efficiency and detection accuracy. The model achieves a high frame rate of up to 136 FPS, making it suitable for real-time applications such as video surveillance and automated inspection systems. The research presents an ablation study to analyze the impact of architectural modifications and hyperparameter variations on model performance, further validating the effectiveness of the partial attention block. The results highlight YOLO9tr's potential for practical deployment in real-time pavement condition monitoring, contributing to the development of robust and efficient solutions for maintaining safe and functional road infrastructure.

本研究提出了YOLO9tr，一种基于深度学习的新型轻量级目标检测模型，用于道路损坏检测，其在特征提取和注意力机制方面引入了部分注意力块，以提高在复杂情况下的检测性能，并通过多国的道路损坏图像数据集进行训练，扩展了损坏分类范围，并与YOLO8、YOLO9和YOLO10等先进模型相比具有更高的精度和推断速度，达到高达136FPS的帧率，适用于实时应用，该研究进一步验证了部分注意力块的有效性，突出了YOLO9tr在实时道路状况监测中的潜力，为维护安全和功能良好的道路基础设施提供了稳健和高效的解决方案。

YOLO9tr：一种利用广义高效层聚合网络和注意力机制的轻量级路面损坏检测模型