Global Station Weather Forecasting (GSWF) is crucial for various sectors, including aviation, agriculture, energy, and disaster preparedness. Recent advancements in deep learning have significantly improved the accuracy of weather predictions by optimizing models based on public meteorological data. However, existing public datasets for GSWF optimization and benchmarking still suffer from significant limitations, such as small sizes, limited temporal coverage, and a lack of comprehensive variables. These shortcomings prevent them from effectively reflecting the benchmarks of current forecasting methods and fail to support the real needs of operational weather forecasting. To address these challenges, we present the WEATHER-5K dataset. This dataset comprises a comprehensive collection of data from 5,672 weather stations worldwide, spanning a 10-year period with one-hour intervals. It includes multiple crucial weather elements, providing a more reliable and interpretable resource for forecasting. Furthermore, our WEATHER-5K dataset can serve as a benchmark for comprehensively evaluating existing well-known forecasting models, extending beyond GSWF methods to support future time-series research challenges and opportunities. The dataset and benchmark implementation are publicly available at: https://github.com/taohan10200/WEATHER-5K.

全球站点天气预测（GSWF）对航空、农业、能源和灾害准备等各个领域至关重要。最近深度学习的进展通过基于公共气象数据优化模型，显著提高了天气预测的准确性。然而，现有的GSWF优化和基准数据集仍存在重大限制，如规模小、时间覆盖有限和缺乏全面的变量。为了应对这些挑战，我们推出了WEATHER-5K数据集，它包含来自全球5,672个气象站点的全面数据收集，涵盖了10年的时间间隔为一小时。该数据集包含多个关键的天气要素，为预测提供了更可靠、可解释的资源。此外，我们的WEATHER-5K数据集可作为评估现有著名预测模型的基准，扩展到GSWF方法之外，支持未来的时间序列研究挑战和机会。数据集和基准实现已公开在：这个https网址。

WEATHER-5K：全球大型站点天气数据集用于综合时间序列预测基准