The integration of neural-network-based systems into clinical practice is limited by challenges related to domain generalization and robustness. The computer vision community established benchmarks such as ImageNet-C as a fundamental prerequisite to measure progress towards those challenges. Similar datasets are largely absent in the medical imaging community which lacks a comprehensive benchmark that spans across imaging modalities and applications. To address this gap, we create and open-source MedMNIST-C, a benchmark dataset based on the MedMNIST+ collection covering 12 datasets and 9 imaging modalities. We simulate task and modality-specific image corruptions of varying severity to comprehensively evaluate the robustness of established algorithms against real-world artifacts and distribution shifts. We further provide quantitative evidence that our simple-to-use artificial corruptions allow for highly performant, lightweight data augmentation to enhance model robustness. Unlike traditional, generic augmentation strategies, our approach leverages domain knowledge, exhibiting significantly higher robustness when compared to widely adopted methods. By introducing MedMNIST-C and open-sourcing the corresponding library allowing for targeted data augmentations, we contribute to the development of increasingly robust methods tailored to the challenges of medical imaging. The code is available at https://github.com/francescodisalvo05/medmnistc-api}{github.com/francescodisalvo05/medmnistc-api.

我们创建并开源了基于MedMNIST+收藏的12个数据集和9种成像模式的基准数据集MedMNIST-C，模拟了不同严重程度的任务和模式特定图像损坏以全面评估已建立算法对真实世界工件和分布偏移的鲁棒性，并提供定量证据表明我们简单易用的人工损坏方法可用于提高模型的鲁棒性。与传统的通用增强策略不同，我们的方法利用领域知识，在与广泛采用的方法相比时表现出更高的鲁棒性。通过引入MedMNIST-C并开源相应的库以实现有针对性的数据增强，我们为医学成像领域越来越具有挑战的鲁棒方法的发展做出贡献。代码可在此https URL github.com/francescodisalvo05/medmnistc-api找到。

MedMNIST-C: 通过模拟真实图像损坏的全面基准和改进的分类器鲁棒性