Language models are prone to memorizing large parts of their training data, making them vulnerable to extraction attacks. Existing research on these attacks remains limited in scope, often studying isolated trends rather than the real-world interactions with these models. In this paper, we revisit extraction attacks from an adversarial perspective, exploiting the brittleness of language models. We find significant churn in extraction attack trends, i.e., even minor, unintuitive changes to the prompt, or targeting smaller models and older checkpoints, can exacerbate the risks of extraction by up to $2-4 \times$. Moreover, relying solely on the widely accepted verbatim match underestimates the extent of extracted information, and we provide various alternatives to more accurately capture the true risks of extraction. We conclude our discussion with data deduplication, a commonly suggested mitigation strategy, and find that while it addresses some memorization concerns, it remains vulnerable to the same escalation of extraction risks against a real-world adversary. Our findings highlight the necessity of acknowledging an adversary's true capabilities to avoid underestimating extraction risks.

利用对语言模型的脆弱性，我们从对抗性的角度重新审视了提取攻击，发现即使对提示进行微小、不符合直觉的更改，或者针对较小的模型和旧的检查点，也可以将提取风险增加2-4倍。此外，仅依赖广泛接受的逐字匹配低估了提取信息的真实范围，我们提供了其他准确捕捉提取风险的方法。我们总结了数据去重，这是一种常见的缓解策略，并发现它虽然解决了一些记忆问题，但仍对真实的对手提取风险的升级具有脆弱性。我们的发现凸显了认识对手的真实能力以避免低估提取风险的必要性。

朝着更现实的提取攻击：一种对抗性视角