This paper presents a comprehensive review of the evolution of the YOLO (You Only Look Once) object detection algorithm, focusing on YOLOv5, YOLOv8, and YOLOv10. We analyze the architectural advancements, performance improvements, and suitability for edge deployment across these versions. YOLOv5 introduced significant innovations such as the CSPDarknet backbone and Mosaic Augmentation, balancing speed and accuracy. YOLOv8 built upon this foundation with enhanced feature extraction and anchor-free detection, improving versatility and performance. YOLOv10 represents a leap forward with NMS-free training, spatial-channel decoupled downsampling, and large-kernel convolutions, achieving state-of-the-art performance with reduced computational overhead. Our findings highlight the progressive enhancements in accuracy, efficiency, and real-time performance, particularly emphasizing their applicability in resource-constrained environments. This review provides insights into the trade-offs between model complexity and detection accuracy, offering guidance for selecting the most appropriate YOLO version for specific edge computing applications.

本文综述了YOLO（You Only Look Once）目标检测算法的演进，着重介绍了YOLOv5、YOLOv8和YOLOv10。分析了这些版本的架构改进、性能提升以及在边缘部署方面的适用性。研究结果表明在准确性、效率和实时性能方面不断取得了进展，并强调了它们在资源受限环境中的适用性。本综述提供了模型复杂性和检测准确性之间的权衡，为选择特定边缘计算应用的最合适的YOLO版本提供指导。

YOLOv5, YOLOv8和YOLOv10：实时视觉领域首选检测器