Pediatric central nervous system tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in children. The five-year survival rate for high-grade glioma in children is less than 20%. The development of new treatments is dependent upon multi-institutional collaborative clinical trials requiring reproducible and accurate centralized response assessment. We present the results of the BraTS-PEDs 2023 challenge, the first Brain Tumor Segmentation (BraTS) challenge focused on pediatric brain tumors. This challenge utilized data acquired from multiple international consortia dedicated to pediatric neuro-oncology and clinical trials. BraTS-PEDs 2023 aimed to evaluate volumetric segmentation algorithms for pediatric brain gliomas from magnetic resonance imaging using standardized quantitative performance evaluation metrics employed across the BraTS 2023 challenges. The top-performing AI approaches for pediatric tumor analysis included ensembles of nnU-Net and Swin UNETR, Auto3DSeg, or nnU-Net with a self-supervised framework. The BraTSPEDs 2023 challenge fostered collaboration between clinicians (neuro-oncologists, neuroradiologists) and AI/imaging scientists, promoting faster data sharing and the development of automated volumetric analysis techniques. These advancements could significantly benefit clinical trials and improve the care of children with brain tumors.

儿童中枢神经系统肿瘤是导致儿童癌症相关死亡的主要原因，高级别胶质瘤在儿童中的五年生存率不到20%。BraTS-PEDs 2023挑战是首个专注于儿童脑肿瘤的脑肿瘤分割挑战赛，旨在评估儿童脑胶质瘤的体积分割算法，使用在BraTS 2023挑战中采用的标准化定量性能评估指标。优秀的人工智能方法包括nnU-Net和Swin UNETR的集成、Auto3DSeg或具有自监督框架的nnU-Net。BraTS-PEDs 2023挑战促进了临床医生（神经肿瘤学家、神经放射科医生）与人工智能/影像科学家之间的合作，推动数据共享加速和自动化体积分析技术的发展，这些进展可以极大地惠及临床试验并改善儿童脑肿瘤的治疗。

BraTS-PEDs：2023年多联盟国际儿童脑肿瘤分割挑战结果