This paper comprehensively reviews recent advances in underwater acoustic signal denoising, an area critical for improving the reliability and clarity of underwater communication and monitoring systems. Despite significant progress in the field, the complex nature of underwater environments poses unique challenges that complicate the denoising process. We begin by outlining the fundamental challenges associated with underwater acoustic signal processing, including signal attenuation, noise variability, and the impact of environmental factors. The review then systematically categorizes and discusses various denoising algorithms, such as conventional, decomposition-based, and learning-based techniques, highlighting their applications, advantages, and limitations. Evaluation metrics and experimental datasets are also reviewed. The paper concludes with a list of open questions and recommendations for future research directions, emphasizing the need for developing more robust denoising techniques that can adapt to the dynamic underwater acoustic environment.

本篇综述论文全面回顾了水下声信号去噪的最新进展，这是改善水下通信和监测系统的可靠性和清晰度的关键领域，尽管该领域取得了重大进展，但水下环境的复杂性带来了独特的挑战，使去噪过程变得复杂。我们首先概述了水下声信号处理所面临的基本挑战，包括信号衰减、噪声变异性和环境因素的影响。接着我们系统地分类和讨论了各种去噪算法，如常规算法、分解算法和基于学习的技术，重点介绍它们的应用、优点和局限性。评估指标和实验数据集也得到了回顾。文章最后列举了一些未解决的问题，并提出了未来研究方向的建议，强调需要开发更加适应动态水下声环境的更加稳健的去噪技术。

水下声信号去噪算法：现代技术综述