Reinforcement learning (RL), particularly its combination with deep neural networks referred to as deep RL (DRL), has shown tremendous promise across a wide range of applications, suggesting its potential for enabling the development of sophisticated robotic behaviors. Robotics problems, however, pose fundamental difficulties for the application of RL, stemming from the complexity and cost of interacting with the physical world. This article provides a modern survey of DRL for robotics, with a particular focus on evaluating the real-world successes achieved with DRL in realizing several key robotic competencies. Our analysis aims to identify the key factors underlying those exciting successes, reveal underexplored areas, and provide an overall characterization of the status of DRL in robotics. We highlight several important avenues for future work, emphasizing the need for stable and sample-efficient real-world RL paradigms, holistic approaches for discovering and integrating various competencies to tackle complex long-horizon, open-world tasks, and principled development and evaluation procedures. This survey is designed to offer insights for both RL practitioners and roboticists toward harnessing RL's power to create generally capable real-world robotic systems.

本研究解决了深度强化学习（DRL）在机器人应用时面临的复杂性和成本问题。通过对DRL在开发现代机器人能力方面成功案例的综合分析，揭示了其关键因素和未被充分探索的领域，并提出未来研究的方向，重点在于稳定高效的RL范式和整合多种能力的系统性方法。这项工作为RL从业者和机器人研究人员提供了重要的见解，帮助他们利用RL的优势开发更具能力的实际机器人系统。

深度强化学习在机器人领域的应用：现实世界成功案例的综述