Reinforcement learning (RL) and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), in particular, have the potential to disrupt and are already changing the way we interact with the world. One of the key indicators of their applicability is their ability to scale and work in real-world scenarios, that is in large-scale problems. This scale can be achieved via a combination of factors, the algorithm's ability to make use of large amounts of data and computational resources and the efficient exploration of the environment for viable solutions (i.e. policies). In this work, we investigate and motivate some theoretical foundations for deep reinforcement learning. We start with exact dynamic programming and work our way up to stochastic approximations and stochastic approximations for a model-free scenario, which forms the theoretical basis of modern reinforcement learning. We present an overview of this highly varied and rapidly changing field from the perspective of Approximate Dynamic Programming. We then focus our study on the short-comings with respect to exploration of the cornerstone approaches (i.e. DQN, DDQN, A2C) in deep reinforcement learning. On the theory side, our main contribution is the proposal of a novel Bayesian actor-critic algorithm. On the empirical side, we evaluate Bayesian exploration as well as actor-critic algorithms on standard benchmarks as well as state-of-the-art evaluation suites and show the benefits of both of these approaches over current state-of-the-art deep RL methods. We release all the implementations and provide a full python library that is easy to install and hopefully will serve the reinforcement learning community in a meaningful way, and provide a strong foundation for future work.

本研究针对深度强化学习（DRL）中探索效率不足的问题，提出了一种新颖的贝叶斯演员-评论家算法，旨在提升环境的有效探索能力。通过理论研究和实证评估，证明该方法在标准基准和先进评估套件上的优越性，预计将为强化学习社区提供重要的工具和基础。 

深度强化学习中的高效探索：一种新颖的贝叶斯演员-评论家算法