Since the release of Segment Anything 2 (SAM2), the medical imaging community has been actively evaluating its performance for 3D medical image segmentation. However, different studies have employed varying evaluation pipelines, resulting in conflicting outcomes that obscure a clear understanding of SAM2's capabilities and potential applications. We shortly review existing benchmarks and point out that the SAM2 paper clearly outlines a zero-shot evaluation pipeline, which simulates user clicks iteratively for up to eight iterations. We reproduced this interactive annotation simulation on 3D CT datasets and provided the results and code~\url{https://github.com/Project-MONAI/VISTA}. Our findings reveal that directly applying SAM2 on 3D medical imaging in a zero-shot manner is far from satisfactory. It is prone to generating false positives when foreground objects disappear, and annotating more slices cannot fully offset this tendency. For smaller single-connected objects like kidney and aorta, SAM2 performs reasonably well but for most organs it is still far behind state-of-the-art 3D annotation methods. More research and innovation are needed for 3D medical imaging community to use SAM2 correctly.

该研究探讨了Segment Anything 2（SAM2）在3D医学图像分割中的性能差异，指出现有评估流程不一致导致结果冲突。通过对3D CT数据集进行的互动标注模拟，该研究发现SAM2的零-shot评估在处理医学图像时不足，尤其在前景物体缺失时易产生误报。因此，需要更多的研究与创新，以便医学成像领域能够正确使用SAM2。

对SAM2在3D CT图像分割性能的简短评估