The neutrality thesis holds that technology cannot be laden with values. This long-standing view has faced critiques, but much of the argumentation against neutrality has focused on traditional, non-smart technologies like bridges and razors. In contrast, AI is a smart technology increasingly used in high-stakes domains like healthcare, finance, and policing, where its decisions can cause moral harm. In this paper, we argue that artificial intelligence, particularly artificial agents that autonomously make decisions to pursue their goals, challenge the neutrality thesis. Our central claim is that the computational models underlying artificial agents can integrate representations of moral values such as fairness, honesty and avoiding harm. We provide a conceptual framework discussing the neutrality thesis, values, and AI. Moreover, we examine two approaches to designing computational models of morality, artificial conscience and ethical prompting, and present empirical evidence from text-based game environments that artificial agents with such models exhibit more ethical behavior compared to agents without these models. The findings support that AI can embody moral values, which contradicts the claim that all technologies are necessarily value-neutral.

本研究针对长期以来技术被视为中立的观点提出质疑，尤其是在人工智能日益应用于医疗、金融和执法等领域时，其决策可能引发道德伤害。论文提出，人工智能的计算模型可以纳入公平、诚实和避免伤害等道德价值，实验证明具有这些模型的人工代理表现出比没有模型的代理更道德的行为，从而支持人工智能可以体现道德价值的观点。

人工智能能否体现道德价值？