Esophageal cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality internationally, with high recurrence rates and poor survival even among patients treated with curative-intent surgery. Investigating relevant prognostic factors and predicting prognosis can enhance post-operative clinical decision-making and potentially improve patients' outcomes. In this work, we assessed prognostic factor identification and discriminative performances of three models for Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) using a large multicenter international dataset from ENSURE study. We first employed Cox Proportional Hazards (CoxPH) model to assess the impact of each feature on outcomes. Subsequently, we utilised CoxPH and two deep neural network (DNN)-based models, DeepSurv and DeepHit, to predict DFS and OS. The significant prognostic factors identified by our models were consistent with clinical literature, with post-operative pathologic features showing higher significance than clinical stage features. DeepSurv and DeepHit demonstrated comparable discriminative accuracy to CoxPH, with DeepSurv slightly outperforming in both DFS and OS prediction tasks, achieving C-index of 0.735 and 0.74, respectively. While these results suggested the potential of DNNs as prognostic tools for improving predictive accuracy and providing personalised guidance with respect to risk stratification, CoxPH still remains an adequately good prediction model, with the data used in this study.

本研究针对食管癌患者术后高复发率和低生存率的问题，探索了相关预后因素的识别和预测方法。采用了Cox比例风险模型和两种基于深度神经网络的模型（DeepSurv和DeepHit），结果显示DeepSurv在疾病无复发生存和总生存预测中略优于CoxPH模型，具有较高的预测准确性，潜在改善临床决策并提升患者预后。 

使用深度神经网络预测食管癌患者术后复发和生存