Machine learning (ML) provides a broad spectrum of tools and architectures that enable the transformation of data from simulations and experiments into useful and explainable science, thereby augmenting domain knowledge. Furthermore, ML-enhanced numerical modelling can revamp scientific computing for real-world complex engineering systems, creating unique opportunities to examine the operation of the technologies in detail and automate their optimization and control. In recent years, ML applications have seen significant growth across various scientific domains, particularly in fluid mechanics, where ML has shown great promise in enhancing computational modeling of fluid flows. In contrast, ML applications in numerical plasma physics research remain relatively limited in scope and extent. Despite this, the close relationship between fluid mechanics and plasma physics presents a valuable opportunity to create a roadmap for transferring ML advances in fluid flow modeling to computational plasma physics. This Perspective aims to outline such a roadmap. We begin by discussing some general fundamental aspects of ML, including the various categories of ML algorithms and the different types of problems that can be solved with the help of ML. With regard to each problem type, we then present specific examples from the use of ML in computational fluid dynamics, reviewing several insightful prior efforts. We also review recent ML applications in plasma physics for each problem type. The paper discusses promising future directions and development pathways for ML in plasma modelling within the different application areas. Additionally, we point out prominent challenges that must be addressed to realize ML's full potential in computational plasma physics, including the need for cost-effective high-fidelity simulation tools for extensive data generation.

本研究针对机器学习在数值等离子体物理研究中应用相对有限的现状，提出了将流体力学中的机器学习进展转移到计算等离子体物理的路线图。文章探讨了机器学习的基本概念和算法类型，并回顾了在流体动力学和等离子体物理中应用的具体实例，指出未来的研究方向及其面临的主要挑战。

机器学习在计算等离子体物理和降阶等离子体建模中的应用：一个展望