Federated learning is renowned for its efficacy in distributed model training, ensuring that users, called clients, retain data privacy by not disclosing their data to the central server that orchestrates collaborations. Most previous work on federated learning assumes that clients possess static batches of training data. However, clients may also need to make real-time predictions on streaming data in non-stationary environments. In such dynamic environments, employing pre-trained models may be inefficient, as they struggle to adapt to the constantly evolving data streams. To address this challenge, clients can fine-tune models online, leveraging their observed data to enhance performance. Despite the potential benefits of client participation in federated online model fine-tuning, existing analyses have not conclusively demonstrated its superiority over local model fine-tuning. To bridge this gap, the present paper develops a novel personalized federated learning algorithm, wherein each client constructs a personalized model by combining a locally fine-tuned model with multiple federated models learned by the server over time. Theoretical analysis and experiments on real datasets corroborate the effectiveness of this approach for real-time predictions and federated model fine-tuning.

本研究针对现有联邦学习方法在动态环境中处理实时数据预测的不足，提出了一种个性化联邦学习算法，允许客户端结合本地微调模型与多个联邦模型。这种方法通过理论分析和实证实验证明，能够有效提升实时预测与联邦模型微调的性能。

基于模型混合的个性化联邦学习用于自适应预测和模型微调