Two commonly-employed strategies to combat the rise of misinformation on social media are (i) fact-checking by professional organisations and (ii) community moderation by platform users. Policy changes by Twitter/X and, more recently, Meta, signal a shift away from partnerships with fact-checking organisations and towards an increased reliance on crowdsourced community notes. However, the extent and nature of dependencies between fact-checking and helpful community notes remain unclear. To address these questions, we use language models to annotate a large corpus of Twitter/X community notes with attributes such as topic, cited sources, and whether they refute claims tied to broader misinformation narratives. Our analysis reveals that community notes cite fact-checking sources up to five times more than previously reported. Fact-checking is especially crucial for notes on posts linked to broader narratives, which are twice as likely to reference fact-checking sources compared to other sources. In conclusion, our results show that successful community moderation heavily relies on professional fact-checking.

本研究解决了社区笔记与专业事实核查之间关系不明确的问题。通过使用语言模型分析大量Twitter/X社区笔记，发现社区笔记引用事实核查来源的频率显著高于以前的报告，特别是在涉及广泛虚假叙事的帖子上。结果表明，成功的社区审核在很大程度上依赖于专业事实核查。

社区笔记能替代专业事实核查员吗？