This paper presents key parameters including the line-of-sight (LOS)
probability, large-scale path loss, and shadow fading models for the design of
future fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems in urban
macro-cellular (UMa) scenarios, using the data obtained from propagation
measurements at 38 GHz in Austin, US, and at 2, 10, 18, and 28 GHz in Aalborg,
Denmark. A comparison of different LOS probability models is performed for the
Aalborg environment. Alpha-betagamma and close-in reference distance path loss
models are studied in depth to show their value in channel modeling.
Additionally, both single-slope and dual-slope omnidirectional path loss models
are investigated to analyze and contrast their root-mean-square (RMS) errors on
measured path loss values. While the results show that the dual-slope
large-scale path loss model can slightly reduce RMS errors compared to its
singleslope counterpart in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions, the improvement
is not significant enough to warrant adopting the dual-slope path loss model.
Furthermore, the shadow fading magnitude versus distance is explored, showing a
slight increasing trend in LOS and a decreasing trend in NLOS based on the
Aalborg data, but more measurements are necessary to gain a better knowledge of
the UMa channels at centimeter- and millimeter-wave frequency bands.

本文基于在美国奥斯汀市和丹麦奥尔堡市获取的 38 GHz，2、10、18 和 28 GHz 频率下的传播测量数据，提出了未来第五代（5G）无线通信系统在城市宏观蜂窝（UMa）场景中使用的关键参数，包括直线视距（LOS）概率、大尺度路径损耗和阴影衰减模型，并对不同 LOS 概率模型进行了比较，深入研究了 Alpha-betagamma 和近距参考距离路径损耗模型在信道建模中的价值，分析和对比了单斜率和双斜率全向路径损耗模型的平均根方误差（RMS）误差。虽然结果显示，双斜率大尺度路径损耗模型在非直线视距（NLOS）条件下可以略微降低 RMS 误差，与其单斜率对应部分相比，但这种改善并不足以证明应采用双斜率路径损耗模型。此外，探讨了阴影衰落幅度与距离之间的关系。基于奥尔堡的数据，结果显示 LOS 上略微增加，而 NLOS 上略微降低，但需要更多的测量来更好地了解厘米和毫米波频段下的 UMa 信道。