The architecture design and multi-scale learning principles of the human
brain that evolved over hundreds of millions of years are crucial to realizing
human-like intelligence. Spiking Neural Network (SNN) based Liquid State
Machine (LSM) serves as a suitable architecture to study brain-inspired
intelligence because of its brain-inspired structure and the potential for
integrating multiple biological principles. Existing researches on LSM focus on
different certain perspectives, including high-dimensional encoding or
optimization of the liquid layer, network architecture search, and application
to hardware devices. There is still a lack of in-depth inspiration from the
learning and structural evolution mechanism of the brain. Considering these
limitations, this paper presents a novel LSM learning model that integrates
adaptive structural evolution and multi-scale biological learning rules. For
structural evolution, an adaptive evolvable LSM model is developed to optimize
the neural architecture design of liquid layer with separation property. For
brain-inspired learning of LSM, we propose a dopamine-modulated
Bienenstock-Cooper-Munros (DA-BCM) method that incorporates global long-term
dopamine regulation and local trace-based BCM synaptic plasticity. Comparative
experimental results on different decision-making tasks show that introducing
structural evolution of the liquid layer, and the DA-BCM regulation of the
liquid layer and the readout layer could improve the decision-making ability of
LSM and flexibly adapt to rule reversal. This work is committed to exploring
how evolution can help to design more appropriate network architectures and how
multi-scale neuroplasticity principles coordinated to enable the optimization
and learning of LSMs for relatively complex decision-making tasks.

本论文提出了一种新型的 LSM 学习模型，该模型集成了自适应结构进化和多尺度生物学习规则，该方法在不同的决策任务上的实验结果表明引入液态层的结构进化和 DA-BCM 的调节可以提高决策能力，并灵活适应规则反转。