This research paper presents an approach to enhancing the predictive
capability of architects in the design and assurance of systems, focusing on
systems operating in dynamic and unpredictable environments. By adopting a
systems approach, we aim to improve architects' predictive capabilities in
designing dependable systems (for example, ML-based systems). An aerospace case
study is used to illustrate the approach. Multiple factors (challenges)
influencing aircraft detection are identified, demonstrating the effectiveness
of our approach in a complex operational setting. Our approach primarily aimed
to enhance the architect's predictive capability.

本研究论文提出一种提高架构师在设计和保障系统方面的预测能力的方法，重点研究在动态和不可预测环境下运行的系统。采用系统方法，旨在改善架构师在设计可靠系统（如基于机器学习的系统）方面的预测能力。通过航空航天案例研究，演示了该方法在复杂操作环境中识别多个影响飞机检测的因素（挑战），证明了我们方法的有效性。本方法主要旨在提高架构师的预测能力。