This chapter presents the main lines of agent based modeling in the field of
medical research. The general diagram consists of a cohort of patients (virtual
or real) whose evolution is observed by means of so-called evolution models.
Scenarios can then be explored by varying the parameters of the different
models. This chapter presents techniques for virtual patient generation and
examples of execution models. The advantages and disadvantages of these models
are discussed as well as the pitfalls to be avoided. Finally, an application to
the medico-economic study of the impact of the penetration rate of generic
versions of treatments on the costs associated with HIV treatment is presented.

该研究介绍了代理模型技术在医学研究中的应用，包括利用演化模型观察病人（虚拟或真实）的发展并通过变动不同的参数来探究场景，以及虚拟病人生成技术和执行模型的示例，同时讨论了这些模型的优缺点和应避免的陷阱；最后，还介绍了该技术在医疗经济学中的应用，该应用主要研究了换药率对 HIV 治疗成本的影响。