The history of computer science and brain sciences are intertwined. In his
unfinished manuscript "The Computer and the Brain," von Neumann debates whether
or not the brain can be thought of as a computing machine and identifies some
of the similarities and differences between natural and artificial computation.
Turing, in his 1950 article in Mind, argues that computing devices could
ultimately emulate intelligence, leading to his proposed Turing test. Herbert
Simon predicted in 1957 that most psychological theories would take the form of
a computer program. In 1976, David Marr proposed that the function of the
visual system could be abstracted and studied at computational and algorithmic
levels that did not depend on the underlying physical substrate.
In December 2014, a two-day workshop supported by the Computing Community
Consortium (CCC) and the National Science Foundation's Computer and Information
Science and Engineering Directorate (NSF CISE) was convened in Washington, DC,
with the goal of bringing together computer scientists and brain researchers to
explore these new opportunities and connections, and develop a new, modern
dialogue between the two research communities. Specifically, our objectives
were: 1. To articulate a conceptual framework for research at the interface of
brain sciences and computing and to identify key problems in this interface,
presented in a way that will attract both CISE and brain researchers into this
space. 2. To inform and excite researchers within the CISE research community
about brain research opportunities and to identify and explain strategic roles
they can play in advancing this initiative. 3. To develop new connections,
conversations and collaborations between brain sciences and CISE researchers
that will lead to highly relevant and competitive proposals, high-impact
research, and influential publications.

计算机科学和脑科学的历史紧密相连。两者间存在着类似和不同之处。该研究提出要研究脑科学与计算机科学的交界处，并探索其带来的新机遇和连接。在这个界面，还存在许多关键问题需要研究，同时也提供了 CISE 研究社区发挥战略作用的机会，以促进工作的进展。