Potential malicious misuse of civilian artificial intelligence (AI) poses
serious threats to security on a national and international level. Besides
defining autonomous systems from a technological viewpoint and explaining how
AI development is characterized, we show how already existing and openly
available AI technology could be misused. To underline this, we developed three
exemplary use cases of potentially misused AI that threaten political, digital
and physical security. The use cases can be built from existing AI technologies
and components from academia, the private sector and the developer-community.
This shows how freely available AI can be combined into autonomous weapon
systems. Based on the use cases, we deduce points of control and further
measures to prevent the potential threat through misused AI. Further, we
promote the consideration of malicious misuse of civilian AI systems in the
discussion on autonomous weapon systems (AWS).

滥用民用人工智能（AI）可能对国家和国际安全构成严重威胁，本文通过定义自主系统并解释 AI 开发的特点来展示已存在且公开可用的 AI 技术如何被滥用，进一步开发了三个潜在被滥用的 AI 使用案例，威胁政治、数字和实体安全，这些案例可以通过现有的学术界、私营部门和开发者社区的 AI 技术组件组合成自主武器系统，基于这些案例，我们总结了控制点和进一步措施，以防止通过滥用 AI 产生潜在威胁，并倡议在自主武器系统（AWS）讨论中考虑民用 AI 系统的滥用。