The vanilla image completion approaches are sensitive to the large missing
regions due to limited available reference information for plausible
generation. To mitigate this, existing methods incorporate the extra cue as a
guidance for image completion. Despite improvements, these approaches are often
restricted to employing a single modality (e.g., segmentation or sketch maps),
which lacks scalability in leveraging multi-modality for more plausible
completion. In this paper, we propose a novel, simple yet effective method for
Multi-modal Guided Image Completion, dubbed MaGIC, which not only supports a
wide range of single modality as the guidance (e.g., text, canny edge, sketch,
segmentation, reference image, depth, and pose), but also adapts to arbitrarily
customized combination of these modalities (i.e., arbitrary multi-modality) for
image completion. For building MaGIC, we first introduce a modality-specific
conditional U-Net (MCU-Net) that injects single-modal signal into a U-Net
denoiser for single-modal guided image completion. Then, we devise a consistent
modality blending (CMB) method to leverage modality signals encoded in multiple
learned MCU-Nets through gradient guidance in latent space. Our CMB is
training-free, and hence avoids the cumbersome joint re-training of different
modalities, which is the secret of MaGIC to achieve exceptional flexibility in
accommodating new modalities for completion. Experiments show the superiority
of MaGIC over state-of-arts and its generalization to various completion tasks
including in/out-painting and local editing. Our project with code and models
is available at yeates.github.io/MaGIC-Page/.

本文提出了一种名为 MaGIC 的多模态引导图像补全方法，该方法不仅支持单模态引导，还能适应任意多种模态的引导，使用模态特定的 MCU-Net 注入单一信号，再通过一致性模态混合 (CMB) 方法传播梯度，实现了在没有大量参考信息的情况下的高质量图像补全。

MaGIC: 多模态导向图像修复

MaGIC: Multi-modality Guided Image Completion

We present results based on full-mission Planck observations of temperature
and polarization anisotropies of the CMB. These data are consistent with the
six-parameter inflationary LCDM cosmology. From the Planck temperature and
lensing data, for this cosmology we find a Hubble constant, H0= (67.8 +/- 0.9)
km/s/Mpc, a matter density parameter Omega_m = 0.308 +/- 0.012 and a scalar
spectral index with n_s = 0.968 +/- 0.006. (We quote 68% errors on measured
parameters and 95% limits on other parameters.) Combined with Planck
temperature and lensing data, Planck LFI polarization measurements lead to a
reionization optical depth of tau = 0.066 +/- 0.016. Combining Planck with
other astrophysical data we find N_ eff = 3.15 +/- 0.23 for the effective
number of relativistic degrees of freedom and the sum of neutrino masses is
constrained to < 0.23 eV. Spatial curvature is found to be |Omega_K| < 0.005.
For LCDM we find a limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r <0.11 consistent
with the B-mode constraints from an analysis of BICEP2, Keck Array, and Planck
(BKP) data. Adding the BKP data leads to a tighter constraint of r < 0.09. We
find no evidence for isocurvature perturbations or cosmic defects. The equation
of state of dark energy is constrained to w = -1.006 +/- 0.045. Standard big
bang nucleosynthesis predictions for the Planck LCDM cosmology are in excellent
agreement with observations. We investigate annihilating dark matter and
deviations from standard recombination, finding no evidence for new physics.
The Planck results for base LCDM are in agreement with BAO data and with the
JLA SNe sample. However the amplitude of the fluctuations is found to be higher
than inferred from rich cluster counts and weak gravitational lensing. Apart
from these tensions, the base LCDM cosmology provides an excellent description
of the Planck CMB observations and many other astrophysical data sets.

使用坑道式望远镜 Planck 对宇宙微波背景 (CMB) 温度和极化各向异性的全任务观测，研究了宇宙学参数，包括：星系团计数、宇宙微波背景探测器 (BICEP-Keck-Planck) 数据的 B-mode 限制、重子中丰度、反应电离光深等。该文在六个参数膨胀的 LCDM 宇宙学模型中，在使用 Planck 温度和透镜数据的前提下，找到哈勃常数 H0=（67.8 ± 0.9）km/s/Mpc, 物质密度参数 Omega_m = 0.308 ± 0.012, 标量谱指数 n_s = 0.968±0.006, 以及重力引力波比张量小于 0.11 的跨越。此外，还对暗物质、宇宙缺陷、中微子质量和暗能量的物理性质等进行研究。

普朗克 2015 年结果。XIII. 宇宙学参数

Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters

We present the first results based on Planck measurements of the CMB
temperature and lensing-potential power spectra. The Planck spectra at high
multipoles are extremely well described by the standard spatially-flat
six-parameter LCDM cosmology. In this model Planck data determine the
cosmological parameters to high precision. We find a low value of the Hubble
constant, H0=67.3+/-1.2 km/s/Mpc and a high value of the matter density
parameter, Omega_m=0.315+/-0.017 (+/-1 sigma errors) in excellent agreement
with constraints from baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) surveys. Including
curvature, we find that the Universe is consistent with spatial flatness to
percent-level precision using Planck CMB data alone. We present results from an
analysis of extensions to the standard cosmology, using astrophysical data sets
in addition to Planck and high-resolution CMB data. None of these models are
favoured significantly over standard LCDM. The deviation of the scalar spectral
index from unity is insensitive to the addition of tensor modes and to changes
in the matter content of the Universe. We find a 95% upper limit of r<0.11 on
the tensor-to-scalar ratio. There is no evidence for additional neutrino-like
relativistic particles. Using BAO and CMB data, we find N_eff=3.30+/-0.27 for
the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom, and an upper limit of
0.23 eV for the summed neutrino mass. Our results are in excellent agreement
with big bang nucleosynthesis and the standard value of N_eff=3.046. We find no
evidence for dynamical dark energy. Despite the success of the standard LCDM
model, this cosmology does not provide a good fit to the CMB power spectrum at
low multipoles, as noted previously by the WMAP team. While not of decisive
significance, this is an anomaly in an otherwise self-consistent analysis of
the Planck temperature data.

本文介绍了针对 CMB 温度和透镜势功率谱的 Planck 测量的第一批结果，其中高多极值处的 Planck 光谱极其适合于标准的平坦六参数 LCDM 宇宙学，我们发现，在这个模型中，Planck 数据可以高精度地确定宇宙学参数。

普朗克 2013 年结果。XVI. 宇宙学参数

Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters

The ESA's Planck satellite, dedicated to studying the early Universe and its
subsequent evolution, was launched 14 May 2009 and has been scanning the
microwave and submillimetre sky continuously since 12 August 2009. This paper
gives an overview of the mission and its performance, the processing, analysis,
and characteristics of the data, the scientific results, and the science data
products and papers in the release. The science products include maps of the
CMB and diffuse extragalactic foregrounds, a catalogue of compact Galactic and
extragalactic sources, and a list of sources detected through the SZ effect.
The likelihood code used to assess cosmological models against the Planck data
and a lensing likelihood are described. Scientific results include robust
support for the standard six-parameter LCDM model of cosmology and improved
measurements of its parameters, including a highly significant deviation from
scale invariance of the primordial power spectrum. The Planck values for these
parameters and others derived from them are significantly different from those
previously determined. Several large-scale anomalies in the temperature
distribution of the CMB, first detected by WMAP, are confirmed with higher
confidence. Planck sets new limits on the number and mass of neutrinos, and has
measured gravitational lensing of CMB anisotropies at greater than 25 sigma.
Planck finds no evidence for non-Gaussianity in the CMB. Planck's results agree
well with results from the measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations. Planck
finds a lower Hubble constant than found in some more local measures. Some
tension is also present between the amplitude of matter fluctuations derived
from CMB data and that derived from SZ data. The Planck and WMAP power spectra
are offset from each other by an average level of about 2% around the first
acoustic peak.

Planck 卫星是一项研究早期宇宙及其演化的任务，进行了连续数年的天文观测，研究结果支持六参数 ΛCDM 宇宙学模型及其偏离于尺度不变性的升华功率谱，对中微子的质量、引力透镜效应等进行了测量，结果与其它实验符合较好，但也存在一些温度分布偏差等异常现象。

Planck 2013 结果. I. 产品和科学成果概述

Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results

We present a fast Markov Chain Monte-Carlo exploration of cosmological
parameter space. We perform a joint analysis of results from recent CMB
experiments and provide parameter constraints, including sigma_8, from the CMB
independent of other data. We next combine data from the CMB, HST Key Project,
2dF galaxy redshift survey, supernovae Ia and big-bang nucleosynthesis. The
Monte Carlo method allows the rapid investigation of a large number of
parameters, and we present results from 6 and 9 parameter analyses of flat
models, and an 11 parameter analysis of non-flat models. Our results include
constraints on the neutrino mass (m_nu < 0.3eV), equation of state of the dark
energy, and the tensor amplitude, as well as demonstrating the effect of
additional parameters on the base parameter constraints. In a series of
appendices we describe the many uses of importance sampling, including
computing results from new data and accuracy correction of results generated
from an approximate method. We also discuss the different ways of converting
parameter samples to parameter constraints, the effect of the prior, assess the
goodness of fit and consistency, and describe the use of analytic
marginalization over normalization parameters.

本文利用马尔可夫链蒙特卡洛方法探索宇宙学参数空间并从多个实验的结果中提取出诸如标准差、中微子质量、暗能量等等参数。

CMB 与其他数据得出的宇宙学参数：一种蒙特卡罗方法

Cosmological parameters from CMB and other data: a Monte-Carlo approach

We propose fast, exact and efficient algorithms for the convolution of two
arbitrary functions on the sphere which speed up computations by a factor
\order{\sqrt{N}} compared to present methods where $N$ is the number of pixels.
No simplifying assumptions are made other than bandlimitation. This reduces
typical computation times for convolving the full sky with the asymmetric beam
pattern of a megapixel Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) mission from months to
minutes. Our methods enable realistic simulation and careful analysis of data
from such missions, taking into account the effects of asymmetric ``point
spread functions'' and far side lobes of the physical beam. While motivated by
CMB studies, our methods are general and hence applicable to the convolution or
filtering of any scalar field on the sphere with an arbitrary, asymmetric
kernel. We show in an appendix that the same ideas can be applied to the
inverse problems of map-making and beam reconstruction by similarly
accelerating the {\em transpose convolution} which is needed for the iterative
solution of the normal equations.

提出一种基于对称核函数的在球面上进行两个任意函数卷积的快速精确算法，通过对算法的改进可将计算时间从数月缩短为数分钟，同时适用于任何球面上标量场的卷积和过滤问题。