In obstetric ultrasound (US) scanning, the learner's ability to mentally
build a three-dimensional (3D) map of the fetus from a two-dimensional (2D) US
image represents a significant challenge in skill acquisition. We aim to build
a US plane localization system for 3D visualization, training, and guidance
without integrating additional sensors. This work builds on top of our previous
work, which predicts the six-dimensional (6D) pose of arbitrarily-oriented US
planes slicing the fetal brain with respect to a normalized reference frame
using a convolutional neural network (CNN) regression network. Here, we analyze
in detail the assumptions of the normalized fetal brain reference frame and
quantify its accuracy with respect to the acquisition of transventricular (TV)
standard plane (SP) for fetal biometry. We investigate the impact of
registration quality in the training and testing data and its subsequent effect
on trained models. Finally, we introduce data augmentations and larger training
sets that improve the results of our previous work, achieving median errors of
3.53 mm and 6.42 degrees for translation and rotation, respectively.

本研究旨在开发一种超声定位系统，以通过卷积神经网络回归网络预测胎儿脑部任意定向的超声截面图像在参考标准框架下的六维姿态，同时分析评估该参考框架对标准平面获取的准确性，并探究注册质量和数据扩充等因素对训练和测试结果的影响，最终使本系统的平均翻译误差和旋转误差分别达到 3.53 毫米和 6.42 度。