We present a new scientific document similarity model based on matching
fine-grained aspects of texts. To train our model, we exploit a
naturally-occurring source of supervision: sentences in the full-text of papers
that cite multiple papers together (co-citations). Such co-citations not only
reflect close paper relatedness, but also provide textual descriptions of how
the co-cited papers are related. This novel form of textual supervision is used
for learning to match aspects across papers. We develop multi-vector
representations where vectors correspond to sentence-level aspects of
documents, and present two methods for aspect matching: (1) A fast method that
only matches single aspects, and (2) a method that makes sparse multiple
matches with an Optimal Transport mechanism that computes an Earth Mover's
Distance between aspects. Our approach improves performance on document
similarity tasks in four datasets. Further, our fast single-match method
achieves competitive results, paving the way for applying fine-grained
similarity to large scientific corpora. Code, data, and models available at:
this https URL

通过匹配文本的精细细节，我们提出了一种新的科学文献相似性模型。我们利用多个论文引用的全文来训练我们的模型，提供了一种新形式的文本监督用于跨论文匹配，具有快速单次匹配和稀疏多次匹配两种方法，提高了在四个数据集上的相似性任务表现。