Nowadays, the Internet has spread to practically every country around the
world and is having unprecedented effects on people's lives. The Internet of
Things (IoT) is getting more popular and has a high level of interest in both
practitioners and academicians in the age of wireless communication due to its
diverse applications. The IoT is a technology that enables everyday things to
become savvier, everyday computation towards becoming intellectual, and
everyday communication to become a little more insightful. In this paper, the
most common and popular IoT device capabilities, architectures, and protocols
are demonstrated in brief to provide a clear overview of the IoT technology to
the researchers in this area. The common IoT device capabilities including
hardware (Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP8266) and software (operating systems,
and built-in tools) platforms are described in detail. The widely used
architectures that have been recently evolved and used are the three-layer
architecture, SOA-based architecture, and middleware-based architecture. The
popular protocols for IoT are demonstrated which include CoAP, MQTT, XMPP,
AMQP, DDS, LoWPAN, BLE, and Zigbee that are frequently utilized to develop
smart IoT applications. Additionally, this research provides an in-depth
overview of the potential healthcare applications based on IoT technologies in
the context of addressing various healthcare concerns. Finally, this paper
summarizes state-of-the-art knowledge, highlights open issues and shortcomings,
and provides recommendations for further studies which would be quite
beneficial to anyone with a desire to work in this field and make breakthroughs
to get expertise in this area.

本文对物联网技术进行综述，并详细介绍了常见的物联网设备能力、架构和协议，以及在医疗保健领域中的潜在应用，总结了现有知识的最新进展和未解决的问题，并提出了进一步研究的建议。