Comparative constructions pose a challenge in Natural Language Inference
(NLI), which is the task of determining whether a text entails a hypothesis.
Comparatives are structurally complex in that they interact with other
linguistic phenomena such as quantifiers, numerals, and lexical antonyms. In
formal semantics, there is a rich body of work on comparatives and gradable
expressions using the notion of degree. However, a logical inference system for
comparatives has not been sufficiently developed for use in the NLI task. In
this paper, we present a compositional semantics that maps various comparative
constructions in English to semantic representations via Combinatory Categorial
Grammar (CCG) parsers and combine it with an inference system based on
automated theorem proving. We evaluate our system on three NLI datasets that
contain complex logical inferences with comparatives, generalized quantifiers,
and numerals. We show that the system outperforms previous logic-based systems
as well as recent deep learning-based models.

本研究提出了一种基于组合范畴语法的组成性语义，并与基于自动定理证明的推理系统相结合，成功将英语中各种比较结构映射到语义表示中，本研究在包含比较、量词和数字的三个自然语言推理数据集上的实验证明该系统的表现优于之前的逻辑系统和最新的深度学习模型。

使用比较和广义量词进行逻辑推理

Logical Inferences with Comparatives and Generalized Quantifiers

Comparative constructions play an important role in natural language
inference. However, attempts to study semantic representations and logical
inferences for comparatives from the computational perspective are not well
developed, due to the complexity of their syntactic structures and inference
patterns. In this study, using a framework based on Combinatory Categorial
Grammar (CCG), we present a compositional semantics that maps various
comparative constructions in English to semantic representations and introduces
an inference system that effectively handles logical inference with
comparatives, including those involving numeral adjectives, antonyms, and
quantification. We evaluate the performance of our system on the FraCaS test
suite and show that the system can handle a variety of complex logical
inferences with comparatives.

基于组合范畴语法（CCG）的框架，本文提出了一种构成语义映射的方式来处理英语中各种比较结构，并引入了一个有效处理比较逻辑推断的推断系统，包括涉及数词形容词、反义词和量化词的比较。我们在 FraCaS 测试套件上评估了我们系统的性能，并表明该系统可以处理各种复杂的比较逻辑推断。