Combining computational technologies and humanities is an ongoing effort
aimed at making resources such as texts, images, audio, video, and other
artifacts digitally available, searchable, and analyzable. In recent years,
deep neural networks (DNN) dominate the field of automatic text analysis and
natural language processing (NLP), in some cases presenting a super-human
performance. DNNs are the state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms solving
many NLP tasks that are relevant for Digital Humanities (DH) research, such as
spell checking, language detection, entity extraction, author detection,
question answering, and other tasks. These supervised algorithms learn patterns
from a large number of "right" and "wrong" examples and apply them to new
examples. However, using DNNs for analyzing the text resources in DH research
presents two main challenges: (un)availability of training data and a need for
domain adaptation. This paper explores these challenges by analyzing multiple
use-cases of DH studies in recent literature and their possible solutions and
lays out a practical decision model for DH experts for when and how to choose
the appropriate deep learning approaches for their research. Moreover, in this
paper, we aim to raise awareness of the benefits of utilizing deep learning
models in the DH community.

将计算技术与人文学科相结合是一项不断努力的工作，旨在使文本、图像、音频、视频和其他人工制品等资源能够以数字化形式进行存储、检索和分析。本文分析最近文献中多种人文学科研究的使用案例，探讨了人文学科研究中采用深度学习方法面临的训练数据和领域适应性方面的挑战，并提出了实用的决策模型，以指导人文学科专家在何时以及如何选择合适的深度学习方法进行研究。此外，本文旨在提高人文学科社区对于利用深度学习模型的收益的认知。