We propose MisMatch, a novel consistency-driven semi-supervised segmentation
framework which produces predictions that are invariant to learnt feature
perturbations. MisMatch consists of an encoder and a two-head decoders. One
decoder learns positive attention to the foreground regions of interest (RoI)
on unlabelled images thereby generating dilated features. The other decoder
learns negative attention to the foreground on the same unlabelled images
thereby generating eroded features. We then apply a consistency regularisation
on the paired predictions. MisMatch outperforms state-of-the-art
semi-supervised methods on a CT-based pulmonary vessel segmentation task and a
MRI-based brain tumour segmentation task. In addition, we show that the
effectiveness of MisMatch comes from better model calibration than its
supervised learning counterpart.

本研究提出了一种新颖的一致性驱动半监督分割框架，其通过对编码器和双头解码器进行训练来实现对预测结果的不变性，比传统的半监督方法在 CT 肺血管分割和 MRI 脑肿瘤分割任务上表现更好，并且表明了 MisMatch 相对于其监督学习对应物的更好模型校准方法的有效性。