Existing definitions and associated conceptual frameworks for computer-based
system safety should be revisited in light of real-world experiences from
deploying autonomous vehicles. Current terminology used by industry safety
standards emphasizes mitigation of risk from specifically identified hazards,
and carries assumptions based on human-supervised vehicle operation. Operation
without a human driver dramatically increases the scope of safety concerns,
especially due to operation in an open world environment, a requirement to
self-enforce operational limits, participation in an ad hoc sociotechnical
system of systems, and a requirement to conform to both legal and ethical
constraints. Existing standards and terminology only partially address these
new challenges. We propose updated definitions for core system safety concepts
that encompass these additional considerations as a starting point for evolving
safe-ty approaches to address these additional safety challenges. These results
might additionally inform framing safety terminology for other autonomous
system applications.

在部署自动驾驶车辆并获得实践经验后，有必要重新审视现有的计算机系统安全的定义和相关概念框架。当前工业安全标准所使用的术语强调对具体识别出的风险进行缓解，并假设基于人类监督的车辆操作。然而，无人驾驶模式极大地增加了安全问题的范围，特别是在开放环境中的操作，自我强制操作限制的要求，参与到自发的社会技术系统中，以及遵守法律和道德约束的要求。现有标准和术语只局部地应对了这些新挑战。我们提出了基于核心系统安全概念的更新定义，以涵盖这些额外的考虑，作为针对这些额外安全挑战不断进化的安全方法的起点。这些结果还可以为其他自主系统应用提供安全术语的构建提供指导。